Suicide in the Qur'an: A Causal-Thematic Analysis of Ayat al-Intihar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35719/hf1hs747Keywords:
Ayat al-Intihar, Suicide, Causality, Thematic InterpretationAbstract
Data from the Indonesian National Police (Polri) indicate that suicide ranks fourth among cases classified as public order disturbances in the country, with economic hardship cited as one of the primary causes. This phenomenon underscores the idea that worldly struggles can lead individuals to neglect the eternal nature of the afterlife. A particularly compelling issue arises from the fact that the majority of Indonesia’s population is Muslim; as such, the Qur’an should serve as a guide for life. The Qur’an strongly discourages despair, highlighting the vastness of God’s mercy, as emphasized in Surah Al-A’raf (7:56). This study focuses on two key questions: How does the Qur’an describe verses related to suicide (ayat al-intihar), and how can a causal analysis be derived from those verses? The objective is to identify Qur’anic verses with themes related to suicide and then conduct a causality-based analysis to understand the underlying causes and propose solutions. The research uses a qualitative approach through a library study, employing the thematic interpretation (tafsir maudh?‘?) method for verse collection and applying causality theory for analysis. The findings reveal that the Qur’anic foundation for the prohibition of suicide is primarily found in Surah An-Nisa’ (4:29) and Surah Al-Isra’ (17:33). The various factors that lead to suicide ultimately stem from a sense of despair caused by weakened faith in Allah, the Supreme Owner of life. Therefore, the most appropriate solution for individuals facing hardship is to remain patient and place their trust in Allah, as no problem exists in this world without a corresponding solution.
References
‘Asyur, Muhammad al-Thahir Ibn. Tafsir Al-Tahrir Wa Al-Tanwir. Tunis: Dar Sukhnun, 1997.
Al-Bukhari, Abdullah Muhammad bin Ismail. Shahih Al-Bukhari. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 1992. https://dorar.net/hadith/sharh/40054.
Al-Qur’an, Lajnah Pentashihan mushaf. “Qur’an Kemenag,” 2022. https://quran.kemenag.go.id/.
Al-Suyuthi, Jalal Al-Din Abi bin Abd al-Rahman. Asbab Al-Nuzul, Terj. Ali Nurdin. Jakarta: Qisthi Press, 2018.
Al-Sya’rawi, Muhammad Mutawalli. Tafsir Wa Khawatir Al-Iman. Mesir: Dar el-Islam, 2010.
Al-Tabari, Muhammad Ibnu Jarir. Tafsir Al-Tabari. Beirut: Dar Hijr, 1992.
Aminuddin. “Bom Bunuh Diri Menurut Hukum Islam.” Ahlana: Jurnal Hukum Dan Keluarga Islam vol.1, No. (2024): 51–59. https://jurnal.uinsu.ac.id/index.php/ahlana/article/view/19178/7814.
Ammar, Wafi Marzuki. Al-Bayan: Tafsir Tematik Al-Qur’an. Surabaya: Sukses Publishing, 2017.
Ash-Shiddieqy, Teuku Muhammad Hasbi. Tafsir Al-Qur’anul Majid An-Nur. Semarang: Pustaka Rizki Putra, n.d.
Ashari Nengsih Sri Wahyuni dan Laode Agustriono. “Bunuh Diri Remaja Perspektif Psikologi Dan Hukum Islam.” Muadalah: Jurnal Hukum vol.3, No. (2023). https://e-jurnal.iainsorong.ac.id/index.php/Muadalah/article/view/961/860.
Audah, Ali. Konkordansi Qur’an. Bogor: LItera Antar Nusa, 2008.
BPPB. “KBBI VI Daring.” Kemendikbud, 2016.
Humas BRIAN. “BRIN Bahas Kondisi Kesehatan Jiwa Remaja Indonesia Dari Aspek Psikososial,” 2023. https://www.brin.go.id/news/116807/brin-bahas-kondisi-kesehatan-jiwa-remaja-indonesia-dari-aspek-psikososial. .
Irawanda, Mulsir, Muhammad Shuhufi dan, and Abd.Rauf Muhammad Amin. “Bom Bunuh Diri Menurut Perspektif Yusuf Al-Qaradawi Dan Relevansinya Dengan Maqashid Syari’ah ,.” Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Terpadu Vol.8, No. (2024): 705-716. https://oaj.jurnalhst.com/index.php/jimt/article/view/2694.
Katsir, Ismail bin Umar Ibn. Tafsir Al-Qur’anul ‘Adzim. Beirut: Dar Ibn Hazm, 2000.
Mubhar, Imam Zarkasyi. “Bunuh Diri Dalam Al-Qur’an (Kajian Tahlili QS. Al-Nisa’/4: 29-30).” Jurnal Al-Mubarak Vol.4, No. (2019): 42–57. https://journal.uiad.ac.id/index.php/al-mubarak/article/view/62/18.
Munawir, Ahmad Warson dan Muhammad Fairuz. Al Munawwir: Kamus Indonesia-Arab. Surabaya: Pustaka progressif, 2007.
Polri, Pusiknas Bareskrim. “Bunuh Diri Gangguan Masyarakat Dengan Jumlah Kasus Terbanyak Ke-4.,” 2024. https://pusiknas.polri.go.id/detail_artikel/bunuh_diri,_gangguan_masyarakat_dengan_jumlah_kasus_terbanyak_ke-4.
Rohman, Auliya. “Empat Kasus Bunuh Diri Terjadi 4 Hari Beruntun Jelang Akhir Tahun Di Jatim.,” n.d. https://www.detik.com/jatim/berita/d-7703774/empat-kasus-bunuh-diri-terjadi-4-hari-beruntun-jelang-akhir-tahun-di-jatim.
Rosana Michelle Ellyghaniy, dan Muhib Alwi. “Analisis Ide Bunuh Diri Pada Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir Fakultas Dakwah Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember.” Psychospiritual: Journal Trends In Islamic Psychological Research Vol.3, No. (2024): 151–60. https://psychospiritual.uinkhas.ac.id/index.php/psycho/article/view/118/41.
Shihab, Quraish. Tafsir Al-Misbah. Jakarta: Lentera hati, 2010.
Thanthawi, Muhammad Sayyid. Al-Tafsir Al-Wasith Li Al-Qur’an Al Karim. Kairo: Dar al Ma’arif, 1996.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Al-Hikmah: Jurnal Ilmu Dakwah dan Pengembangan Masyarakat

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Al-Hikmah is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0